( 262 )

SERMON 70

Spoken on the morning of the day when Amir al-mu'minin was fatally struck with sword.

I was sitting when sleep overtook me. I saw the Prophet of Allah appear before me and I said: "O' Prophet of Allah ! what crookedness and enmity I had to face from the people. " The prophet of Allah said: "Invoke (Allah) evil upon them " but I said "Allah may change them for me with better ones and change me for them with a worse one.

as-Sayyid ar-Radi says: "al-awad" means crookedness and "al-ladad" means enmity and this is the most eloquent expression.

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SERMON 71

In condemnation of the people of Iraq

Now then O ' people (1) of Iraq! You are like the pregnant woman who on completion of the period of pregnancy delivers a dead child and her husband is also dead and her period of widowhood is long while only remote relation inherits her. By Allah I did not come to you of my own accord. I came to you by force of circumstances. I have come to know that you say 'Ali speaks lie. May Allah fight you! Against whom do I speak lie? Whether against Allah? But I am the first to have believed in him. Whether against His Prophet? But I am the first who testified to him. Certainly not. By Allah it was a way of expression which you failed to appreciate and you were not capable of it. Woe to you.


( 263 )

[ 70 ] وقال عليه السلام

في سحرة (1) اليوم الذي ضرب فيه

مَلَكَتْنِي عَيْنِي (2) وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ، فَسَنَحَ (3) لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ: فَقُلْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، مَاذَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ مِنَ الْأُوَدِ وَاللَّدَدِ؟ فَقَالَ: «ادْعُ عَلَيْهِمْ»، فَقُلْتُ: أَبْدَلَنِي اللهُ بِهمْ خَيْراً مِنْهُمْ، وَأَبْدَلَهُمْ بِي شَرّاً لَهُمْ مِنِّي. قال الشريف: يعني بالأود: الاعوجاج، وباللدد: الخصام. وهذا من أفصح الكلام.

[ 71 ] ومن خطبة له عليه السلام

في ذم أَهل العراق

وفيها يوبّخهم على ترك القتال، والنصر يكاد يتمّ، ثم تكذيبهم له أَمَّا بَعْدُ يَا أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ، فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتُمْ كَالْمَرْأَةِ الْحَامِلِ، حَمَلَتْ فَلَمَّا أَتَمَّتْ أَمْلَصَتْ (1) ، وَمَاتَ قَيِّمُهَا (2) ، وَطَالَ تَأَيُّمُهَا (3) ، وَوَرِثَهَا أَبْعَدُهَا. أَمَا وَاللهِ مَا أَتَيْتُكُمُ اخْتِيَاراً، وَلكِنْ جَئْتُ إِلَيْكُمْ سَوْقاً، وَلَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكُمْ تَقُولُونَ: عَليٌّ يَكْذِبُ، قَاتَلَكُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَي! فَعَلَى مَنْ أَكْذِبُ؟ أَعَلَى اللهِ؟ فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ! أَمْ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ؟ فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَدَّقَهُ! كَلاَّ وَاللهِ، ولكِنَّهَا لَهْجَةٌ غِبْتُمْ عَنْهَا، وَلَمْ تَكُونُوا مِنْ


( 264 )

I am giving out these measures of nice expression free of any cost. I wish there were vessels good enough to hold them.

Certainly you will understand it after some time. (Qur'an 38:88)

(1). When after Arbitration the Iraqis displayed lethargy and heartlessness in retaliating the continuous attacks of Mu'awiyah Amir al-mu'minin delivered this sermon abusing and admonishing them. Herein he has referred to their being deceived at Siffin and has likened them to a woman who has five qualities:

i)
Firstly she is pregnant. This implies that these people had full capability to fight and were not like a barren woman from whom nothing is expected
ii)
Secondly she has completed the period of pregnancy. That is they had passed over all difficult stages and had approached near the final goal of victory.
iii)
Thirdly she wilfully miscarries her child. That is after coming close to victory they came down to settlement and instead of achieving the coveted goal faced disappointment.
iv)
Fourthly her period of widowhood is long. That is they fell in such a state as though they had no protector or patron and they were roaming about without any ruler.
v)
Fifthly her successors would be distant persons. That is the people of Syria who had no relationship with them would occupy their properties.

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( 265 )

أَهْلِهَا، وَيْلُ امِّهِ (4) ، كَيْلاً بِغَيْرِ ثَمَنٍ! لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ وِعَاءٌ، (وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ نَبَأَهُ بَعْدَ حِينٍ).

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