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SERMON 193It is related that a companion of Amir al-mu'minin called Hammam (1) who was a man devoted to worship said to him "O' Amir al-mu'minin describe to me the pious man in such a way as though I see them." Amir al-mu'minin avoided the reply and said "O' Hammam fear Allah and perform good acts because 'Verily Allah is with those who guard (themselves against evil) and those who do good (to others)'" (Qur'an 16:128). Hammam was not satisfied with this and pushed him to speak. Thereupon Amir al-mu'minin praised Allah and extolled Him and sought His blessings on the Holy Prophet and then spoke: Now then Allah the Glorified the Sublime created (the things of) creation. He created them without any need for their obedience or being safe from their sinning because the sin of anyone who sins does not harm Him nor does the obedience of anyone who obeys Him benefit Him. He has distributed among them their livelihood and has assigned them their positions in the world. Thus the God-fearing in it are the people of distinction. Their speech is to the point their dress is moderate and their gait is humble. They keep their eyes closed to what Allah has made unlawful for them and they put their ears to that knowledge which is beneficial to them. They remain in the time of trials as though they remain in comfort. If there had not been fixed periods (of life) ordained for each their spirits would not have remained in their bodies even for the twinkling of an eye because of (their) eagerness for the reward and fear of chastisement. The greatness of the Creator is seated in their heart and so everything else appears small in their eyes. Thus to them Paradise is as though they see it and are enjoying its favours. To them Hell is also as if they see it and are suffering punishment in it.
(1). According to Ibn Abi'l-Hadid this is Hammam ibn
Shurayh but al-'Allamah al-Majlisi says that apparently this is Hammam ibn
'Ubadah.
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![]() ![]() ahead and mischief has turned its face (from him). He is dignified during calamities patient in distresses and thankful during ease. He does not commit excess over him whom he hates and does not commit sin for the sake of him whom he loves. He admits truth before evidence is brought against him. He does not misappropriate what is placed in his custody and does not forget what he is required to remember. He does not call others bad names he does not cause harm to his neighbour he does not feel happy at others misfortunes he does not enter into wrong and does not go out of right. If he is silent his silence does not grieve him if he laughs he does not raise his voice and if he is wronged he endures till Allah takes revenge on his behalf. His own self is in distress because of him while the people are in ease from him. He puts himself in hardship for the sake of his next life and makes people feel safe from himself. His keeping away from others is by way of asceticism and purification and his nearness to those to whom he is near is by way of leniency and mercifulness. His keeping away is not by way of vanity or feeling of greatness nor his nearness by way of deceit and cheating. It is related that Hammam passed into a deep swoon and then expired. Then Amir al-mu'minin said: Verily by Allah I had this fear about him. Then he added: Effective advices produce such effects on receptive minds. Someone (2) said to him: O' Amir al-mu'minin how is it you do not receive such an effect? Amir al-mu'minin replied: Woe to you. For death there is a fixed hour which cannot be exceeded and a cause which does not change. Now look never repeat such talk which Satan had put on your tongue.
(2). This man was 'Abdullah ibn al-Kawwa' who was in
the fore-front of the Kharijite movement and was a great opponent of Amir
al-mu'minin.
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